盧安達火山公園看大猩猩門票1張4.1萬 復育有成數量激增 猩猩「殺嬰」增5倍

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Mountain gorilla's from the Muhoza family move towards their nest at the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, on October 29, 2021. With hundreds of mountain gorillas in residence, the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is a conservation triumph. But this resurgence is not without consequences, as the majestic creatures now struggle for space to grow and thrive. Thanks to this revival, the mountain gorilla, known for its thick, shiny fur, is now listed as

橫跨非洲國家盧安達、烏干達及剛果的維隆加山脈（Virunga）是瀕危山地大猩猩在世界上的唯一棲息地，因各界努力復育有成，盧安達大猩猩數量因盜獵在1980年代驟減剩250隻，現在已有600多隻，與烏干達加起來超過千隻。其中盧安達火山公園（Volcanoes National Park）是探望大猩猩的熱門景點，1張門票要價1,500美元（約新台幣4.1萬元）以價制量，其中10％用於附近社區建設，5%用來補貼居民，讓附近原本懼怕猩猩的民眾將其視為經濟來源之一。

A carving of mountain gorilla is seen at the entrance of the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda on October 29, 2021. With hundreds of mountain gorillas in residence, the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is a conservation triumph. But this resurgence is not without consequences, as the majestic creatures now struggle for space to grow and thrive. Thanks to this revival, the mountain gorilla, known for its thick, shiny fur, is now listed as
盧安達火山國家公園的入口處。圖片來源：AFP

疫情前旅遊業為盧安達貢獻約2500萬美元（約新台幣6.9億元）的收入，然而，復育有成也帶來意想不到的結果。由於長期與研究人員、遊客互動，大猩猩越來越不怕人，常會看到大猩猩離開公園，或在公園邊緣遊走；成年大猩猩體重可達200公斤，並且容易感染人類疾病如流感、肺炎甚至伊波拉（Ebola）。此外，數量增加也造成成年猩猩之間衝突問題，10年前大猩猩數量增加放緩後，研究員發現成年猩猩的「殺嬰」（infanticides）行為增加了5倍，對族群帶來極為負面的影響。

A female adult mountain gorilla sits between plants with her baby in the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, on October 29, 2021. With hundreds of mountain gorillas in residence, the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is a conservation triumph. But this resurgence is not without consequences, as the majestic creatures now struggle for space to grow and thrive. Thanks to this revival, the mountain gorilla, known for its thick, shiny fur, is now listed as
猩猩寶寶坐在父母身邊玩耍。圖片來源：AFP

另一方面，因應棲地不斷縮小，盧安達計畫明年開始擴建園區，未來10年預計增加23%的面積。為了大猩猩需遷移4千戶農民，當局在公園附近的慕桑澤鎮（Musanze）已建立起示範村，有公寓、學校及養殖場，但也引發讓原本居住在公園邊緣的居民擔憂，因為新址土壤沒有公園那麼肥沃，恐影響未來生計。

A local man displays souvenirs for sale at the entrance of Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, on October 29, 2021. With hundreds of mountain gorillas in residence, the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is a conservation triumph. But this resurgence is not without consequences, as the majestic creatures now struggle for space to grow and thrive. Thanks to this revival, the mountain gorilla, known for its thick, shiny fur, is now listed as
當地民眾在公園入口處銷售紀念品。圖片來源：AFP

盧安達火山公園有10個大猩猩族群，參觀者須年滿15歲，尋找大猩猩之旅必須先取得許可證，每個群每日限量8人1組，等於每天限量80人；每個小組配有嚮導以及2名攜帶AK-47步槍的偵查員，以防受大象及猩猩的攻擊，遊客最短能在30分鐘見到猩猩，也有可能耗費5到7小時。在烏干達及剛果也可以看大猩猩，許可證分別要價600及400美元（約新台幣1.6萬及1.1萬元），價錢相對「親民」。

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